研究paper代写 Exmaple research paper

Exmaple research paper

研究paper代写 Obesity is an epidemic affecting 21.2% of adolescents aged 12-19 years (CDC, 2021). The side effects of obesity, such as diabetes…

1. Clearly articulate the specific research question and goals of the project (243/250 words) 研究paper代写

Obesity is an epidemic affecting 21.2% of adolescents aged 12-19 years (CDC, 2021). The side effects of obesity, such as diabetes, are well documented (CDC, 2020) and Black adolescents have a disproportionately higher rate of obesity than their white peers (CDC, 2021).

In just 4 years, food-related advertising specifically targeting Black individuals has increased by more than 50%, reaching $333 million in spending (Harris, et al., 2019). Today, food-related advertising makes up 26% of advertised products viewed by adolescents (Harris, et al., 2019).

Food advertisements appear on TV and social media, however, adolescent usage on these platforms is not equal across race groups. In 2017, Black teens watched 84% more TV than White teens. Similarly, Black adolescents have a higher usage of social media than White adolescents (Duggan, et al, 2013). Furthermore, 50% of Black-targeted TV food-related advertising was for fast food restaurants, compared to just 23% for the collective population.

Through my research, I aim to examine the effects of social media advertisements on the food choices and calorie consumption of adolescents. More specifically, I will examine the effects of same-race advertising and whether seeing advertisements by an individual of the same race increases the likelihood of the consumer buying the advertised food. The goal of this project is to obtain an understanding of the effects of social media food advertisements on the calorie consumption of adolescents and whether or not the race of the advertiser and the consumer plays a role.

 

2. Provide sufficient background, including references, to contextualize your research and explain its significance(542/600 words) 研究paper代写

Adolescents make decisions about what to eat based on what they see in food advertising. Research has found that elementary-aged children consumed 45% more unhealthy food when exposed to food advertising. Likewise, adults (18+) consumed more healthy and unhealthy snack foods following exposure to snack food advertising (Harris, Bargh, & Brownell, 2009). While this data suggests that early in childhood and later in adulthood, advertising significantly affects food consumption, research on adolescent populations is limited in scope. Research on adolescents is vital because this time period is generally the first time in someone’s life where they have significant freedom of choice. Educating adolescents on how to make healthy food choices, even when nobody is watching, is critical in fighting the obesity epidemic.

Moreover, adolescence is a time of increased social media use. U.S adolescents spend an average of 7 hours and 22 minutes per day looking at screens, not including time spent for school and homework (Siegel, R. 2019). Time spent on social media correlates positively with calories consumed. As such, it is crucial that research probes those factors, including food advertising in social media, that impact adolescents’ food choices. This research aims to fill in this gap to gain a better understanding of the connection specifically between adolescents, social media usage, and calorie consumption.

Furthermore, this research will pay particular attention to the race-based differences in advertising. 研究paper代写

Not only are there differences in the type of product that is being advertised, but there are also stark differences in the people who endorse products in those ads. One particularly salient dimension is the endorsers’ race. While minimal research has been done regarding race and food advertisement, one study found “Black people appear to engage in biased processing when exposed to Black models in advertising messages” (Whittler, T. E., & Spira, J. S. 2002).

In this study, black individuals rated advertisements for bags that featured either a black or white model and contained various messages. Importantly, the results showed that the black model’s race positively influenced the black participant’s thoughts on the product and consequently made them rate the product more favorably.  I will expand upon this idea of the model’s race influencing the consumer’s views, and see whether or not this same idea applies to food advertisements.

This final section of research will be an expansion upon previous research done regarding what type of people (singers, actors, etc) are in advertisements and how adolescents respond to them. Previous research has shown that music celebrities that are popular among adolescents endorse nutrient-poor products and that these celebrity-shared posts were recalled significantly more frequently than posts from other sources (Murphy, et al). I aim to expand this research by focusing on the race of the endorser, the race of the consumer, and the consequential decision by the consumer on whether or not they will buy the product being advertised.

I  hope to establish a link between these factors and as a result, provide more ideas and insight into fighting the obesity epidemic, especially among minority adolescents. 研究paper代写

I predict that consumers will be more willing to buy a product when the endorser is of the same race and that this effect will be more prominent among black adolescents than participants of other races.

 

3. Describe your methodological approach (375/600 words)

 

I will conduct an experiment to examine the extent to which Instagram food ads increase the number of calories purchased by adolescents and the consumption intentions of adolescents. The participants will be 18 and 19 years old, consenting age teens who identify as White or Black.

 

Six hundred participants (150 Black males, 150 Black females, 150 White males, 150 White females), collected through Prolific, will view and rate ads that contain food or non-food objects, that are racially congruent (same race) and incongruent (different race) in a between-subject design.

 

Teens will rate a block of 20 ads randomly selected from the types of sets described above. Using Black, and White social media influencers that are similar in attractiveness and age, I will create separate advertisements, some that endorse food, and others that endorse non-food products. Ads will be matched on low-level visual features like color, luminance, and suggestion of movement, to ensure that the study tests the impact specifically of influencers’ race and product endorsement rather than qualities relevant to the visual features of the marketing campaign.

 

Participants will rate how “cool” and how visually interesting the ad is on a 1 (not at all) to 7 (very) Likert scale. 研究paper代写

 

After viewing and rating ads, they will indicate their intent to purchase junk food. In one trial, they will see two images of food and have the choice to select either a healthy(150 or fewer calories per 100g) or unhealthy (350 or more calories per 100g) option for a snack. They will complete 20 trials. I will measure the proportion of healthy choices made and the total number of calories of the foods chosen.

 

As additional measures, participants will also indicate their age, gender, height, weight, how often they buy certain foods (unhealthy/healthy choices); how much are they allowed to spend each week; if they ask for food or a drink will their parents buy it [yes/no] and their social media habits (how many hours per day spent on social media platforms and what electronics are used).

 

I predict that adolescents will select junk food more often and select a greater total number of calories after being exposed to racially congruent food ads (rather than non-food ads) compared to racially incongruent food ads. This effect will be greater for Black than White adolescents.

 

4. Describe your timeline for completing the project (124/150 words) 研究paper代写

 

I intend to work on this project for about 5 hours per week throughout the entire project. I will design the study in April and May and collect data in May. I will analyze the data over June and present it during the bi-weekly lab meetings to receive critiques on my project from fellow lab members. I will present my final analysis at the Conference in May 2022. I plan to continue this research with future studies to expand our understanding of this complex issue and write a paper to bring awareness to this problem. I hope this research project will considerably contribute to changing the agenda of food advertising to one that promotes healthy food for all individuals, especially minority adolescents.

 

5. How is the project relevant to your academic interests and goals (149/150 words)

This project allows me to study an important issue at the intersection of psychology and medicine. As I plan to go to medical school, this project allows me to explore the ways that psychological effects can impact someone’s health, and also find solutions to curb these effects. Furthermore, by studying some of the underlying causes of bad food choices, such as viewing unhealthy food ads, I will be more equipped to treat obesity and the myriad of other health issues that arise such as high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, and mental conditions.

This project will also enable me to be a better physician and/or psychologist by further enhancing my ability to use the scientific method in determining both causes and potential cures for health-related issues. It will allow me to see health-related issues from multiple perspectives (socially, economically, and biologically), which is very important for providing adequate care, especially to minorities.

 

6. Describe your relationship with your project mentor(194/200 words) 研究paper代写

 

 

7. Budget request

 

I am requesting $1000 in funds for 600 participant payments via Prolific. This sample will be unique relative to the sample being collected by the other DURF applicant in the lab who is interested in similar topics. We are conducting separate studies.

 

As this is the first study with these stimuli conducted on adolescents, we have no effect size we are aware of that can serve as a basis for an appropriate sample size determination.

 

If this proposal is funded, we will have the resources to collect data from 600 participants. A sensitivity analysis indicates we will be 80% powered (alpha = .05) to detect differences between two groups with an effect size of d=.46, a medium effect size, which we anticipate for the effect of food vs non-food ads on food preferences, for the racial congruity effect, and perhaps when comparing the effect of racial congruity+food ads on Black vs White adolescents. 研究paper代写

 

Main Study:  300 Black participants, 300 White participants

$1.50 per person = $1000 + 30% posting fees = 1300

 

Requesting $1000. Any remaining costs will be covered by my advisor.

 

 

Works Cited 研究paper代写

 

2007, Pages S251-S256, ISSN 0749-3797, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.07.009.

Cancer Research UK. (2020, December 18). 86% of Teens exposed to junk food ads on social media. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-us/cancer-news/press-release/2020-12-18-86-of-teens-exposed-to-junk-food-ads-on-social-media

CDC. (2020, September 17). The health effects of overweight and obesity. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/effects/index.html

CDC. (2021, February 11). Childhood obesity facts. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html

CDC. (2021, March 01). FastStats – Overweight prevalence. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/obesity-overweight.htm

Duggan, M., & Brenner, J. (2013, February 14). The Demographics of Social Media Users. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/media/Files/Reports/2013/PIP_SocialMediaUsers.pdf

Guttmann, A. “U.S. Black-Targeted TV Food Ad Spend Share by Category 2017.” Statista, 5 Apr. 2019, www.statista.com/statistics/992101/us-food-advertising-spending-share-black-targeted-tv-category/. 研究paper代写

Harris, J., Bargh, J., & Brownell, K. (2009, July). Priming effects of television food advertising on eating behavior. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743554/

Harris, J. L., Kumanyika,, S., & Ramirez, A. G. (2019, January). Increasing disparities in unhealthy food advertising targeted to Hispanic and Black youth.

Lisa M. Powell, Glen Szczypka, Frank J. Chaloupka, Adolescent Exposure to Food Advertising on Television, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Volume 33, Issue 4, Supplement,

 

Murphy G, Corcoran C, Tatlow-Golden M, Boyland E, Rooney B. See, Like, Share, Remember: Adolescents’ Responses to Unhealthy-, Healthy- and Non-Food Advertising in Social Media. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(7):2181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072181

Siegel, R. (2019, October 29). Tweens, teens AND screens: The average time kids spend watching online videos has doubled in 4 years. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/10/29/survey-average-time-young-people-spend-watching-videos-mostly-youtube-has-doubled-since/

Whittler, T. E., & Spira, J. S. (2002). Model’s race: A peripheral cue in advertising messages? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(4), 291–301. https://doi.org/10.1207/15327660260382333

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